Vacuum filters – suction filters are made of thick-walled polypropylene pipes, the inner part of which is divided by a perforated partition, with a filter cloth fixed on it (“spanbond”, non-woven polypropylene). In the upper part of the suspension is poured, the filtrate is collected at the bottom of the lower part. A vacuum is created under the partition using a vacuum pump connected to the suction filter through a receiver trap. The purpose of the receiver is to “smooth out” the pump pulsations and prevent the ingress of aggressive media into its mechanisms.
Filter presses – devices of periodic action, used to filter the sediment under the action of overpressure. These filters have a large filtering surface. The press filter consists of plates with grooved surfaces between which chambers are formed. The suspension enters the chambers through the channels, the filtrate passes through the filter septum, moves down the grooves of the corrugated surface and is discharged from the filter press along a common channel. The sediment in the chambers, if necessary, washed and dehydrated.
The net filter (other names – vacuum filter, capacitive filter) is used in various industries: mining, chemical, metallurgical, food and others.